Chicago/Turabian Format Style Guide: Reference Works and Secondary Citations

Classical Works

In addition, the following rules apply to classical works.

• Use no punctuation between the title of a work and a line or section number.
• Use Arabic numerals for section numbers.
• Put commas between two or more citations of the same source and semicolons between citations of different sources.
• Author names, works, collections, etc. can be abbreviated.  Use the abbreviations in place of ibid, in succeeding references to the same work. For example, Thucydides can be abbreviated Thuc.

Examples:

Aristophanes, Frogs 1019-30.

Cicero, In Verrem 2.1.21, 2.3.120; Tacitus, Germania 10.2-3.

Pindar, Isthm. 9.43-45

.

Medieval Works

Works from medieval authors follow the rules for classical works.

Example:

Augustine, De civite Dei 20.2

.

Early English Works

Early English works have the following rules apply in addition to the general citation rules:

• Cite poems and plays by book, canto, and stanza; stanza and line; act, scene, and line.
• You may shorten numbered divisions by omitting words such as act and line, using a number system similar to classical works.
• If editions differ in wording, line numbering, and scene division, include the work in the bibliography with the edition specified.  If there is no bibliography, include the edition in the first note.

Examples:

Chaucer, “Wife of Bath’s Prologue,” Canterbury Tales, lines 105-14.

Milton, Paradise Lost, book 1, lines 83-86.